A cataract is a cloudy film that forms over the eye lens. The clear lens helps to focus light. When cataracts develop, they make the vision hazy or blurry. Cataracts are common as people age, affecting more than half of individuals over 80. You may not notice cataracts in the initial stages, but over time, they begin to affect the vision. The only way to treat cataracts is through surgery.

Developing Cataracts

Cataracts are usually age-related and occur due to changes in the eyes as people get older. Proteins in the eye lens break down and clump together, forming a cloudy area. Cataracts can also be due to eye injuries, eye surgery, congenital disorders, and other conditions.

Most people get cataracts in both eyes, but it sometimes develops in only one eye. Cataract surgery is one of the most common procedures in the country. It is safe and effective and can help to prevent vision loss. Most people over 80 have cataracts or have had cataract surgery.

Signs of Cataracts

Cataracts do not usually have symptoms in the early stages. As they continue to grow, they can cause vision changes. Some signs of cataracts include:

• Cloudy or blurry vision

• Colors appear faded

• Diminished night vision

• Seeing halos around lights

• Sunlight or lights seeming too bright

• Double vision

• Frequent prescription changes

If you notice any of the symptoms, contact your eye doctor. They could also be signs of other eye conditions or diseases.

Risk of Cataracts

Some conditions increase the risk of developing cataracts. They include diabetes, prolonged sunlight exposure, smoking, and too much alcohol consumption. Other risk factors are a family history of cataracts, eye surgery, an eye injury, and radiation treatment. Taking certain medications may also increase the risk. If you are at risk of developing cataracts, talk to your eye doctor. You can find out if there are ways to reduce your risk.

How to Prevent Cataracts

There are steps you can take to prevent cataracts. They include:

• Protecting your eyes from sunlight by wearing sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat

• Using protective eyewear to prevent eye injuries when working or playing sports

• Avoid smoking

• Consume a healthy diet with plenty of vegetables, nuts, seeds, and whole grains

Doctors look for signs of cataracts during routine eye exams. A dilated eye exam widens the pupil, allowing eye doctors to examine the inner eye to check for cataracts and other eye issues.

Treatment for Cataracts

The only way to get rid of cataracts is through surgery. During the relatively simple surgery, doctors remove the clouded lens before replacing it with an artificial lens (IOL). Eye doctors usually wait and monitor the condition before recommending surgery.

During the early stages, you can make small changes to your daily routine to manage cataracts. Updating your eyeglass or contact lens prescription, using brighter lights, and wearing antiglare sunglasses can help.

You can also use magnifying glasses for reading and other close activities. Waiting to have cataract surgery will not harm your eyes or make the procedure more difficult later. Your doctor will suggest surgery when the cataracts begin to affect your daily activities.

For more on the early signs of cataracts and how to prevent them, visit Bluebonnet Eye Care at our office in San Antonio, Texas. Call (210) 696-6500 to book an appointment today.